This is our planet's hothouse, the jungle|这是我们地球上的温室-丛林

the tropical rainforest.|即热带雨林

Forests like these occupy only 3% of the land|雨林虽然仅占陆地的百分之三

yet they're home to over half of the world's species.|却汇集了世界上一半以上的物种.

But how do so many different kinds of plants and animals|那么如此众多的动植物种类

find the space here to live alongside one another?|是如何获得自己的生存空间的呢?

行星地球8----热带雨林   解说:大卫-艾登博格

0n the dark, humid forest floor, the jungle|在幽暗的森林地表上

appears to be lifeless.|看上去毫无生气

0ften, the only signs of life are what you hear.|只听到各种生物的鸣叫

(BIRDS TWITTERING)

A male Blue Bird of Paradise is advertising for a mate.|这只雄性蓝极乐鸟正在做征婚广告

It's quite a performance.|它的表演很精彩,

But he's not the only bird of paradise here keen to make an impression.|不过它并不是唯一给人深刻印象的极乐鸟

There are nearly 40 different kinds on the island of New Guinea,|在巴布亚新几内亚岛上大约有40种不同种类的极乐鸟

each with a display seemingly more bizarre than the rest.|每一种都有令人惊异的外表

A Rifle Bird of Paradise.|来福枪极乐鸟

Like many jungle animals, birds of paradise avoid competing with each other.|像其他的丛林动物一样,极乐鸟也尽量避免相互竞争

And these do so by living in different parts of this jungle-covered island.|因此,它们生活在这个丛林岛屿的不同地方

(CHIRPING)

The Six-Plumed Bird of Paradise displays in his special clearing on the forest floor.|六羽极乐鸟正在它的森林地表的舞台上跳独特的舞步

The Magnificent Bird of Paradise favours the low branches of bushes.|华丽极乐鸟喜欢呆在低矮的灌木丛上

His female is modestly dressed.|雌鸟却穿着朴素的衣服

The male has a good set of lungs,|雄华丽极乐鸟有着嘹亮的歌声

but he'll have to do more than flutter his eyelids if he wants to impress her.|但要给雌鸟留下好印象的话它还需要加倍的努力

It'll all depend on his performance.|全依赖于它的表演

The females may be dull-looking but they're very picky.|雌鸟满是怀疑地看着它因为她非常挑剔

And it's time for a really close inspection.|不过这次她已经准备好了亲密接触

His right side looks fine, but what about his left?|他的右边看上去不错,左边呢?

Pretty impressive, but is he magnificent enough?|印象非常深刻,他够不够华丽呢?

0h, dear!|哦,天

Her departure says it all.|她的离去说明了一切

Generations of choosy females have driven the evolution of these remarkable displays.|一代代追求异性的动力促使他们进化出了不平凡的外表

The more extravagant a male is, the more likely he will be noticed.|越是与众不同就越能引起注意

New Guinea lies in a warm tropical belt that girdles our planet around the equator.|新几内亚岛地处热带,赤道从岛中穿过

With abundant rainfall and 12 hours of daylight 365 days a year|大量的降雨和每天12小时的日照，一年365天天天如此

it's here that rainforests flourish.|造就了这里茂密的雨林

Surprisingly, only 2% of the sunlight filters down to the forest floor.|只有百分之二的阳光能够照射到雨林的地表上

Down here, seedlings struggle to grow.|在这里,秧苗奋力向上生长

But the gloom is not eternal.|只为摆脱黑暗束缚

(W00D CRACKING)

The death of a forest giant is always saddening.|雨林中树木的死亡虽然令人伤感

But it has to happen if the forest is to remain healthy.|但若保持雨林的健康这种事情必须要发生.

The sudden blaze of sunlight will bring life to the forest floor.|太阳一瞬间的光辉也能给森林地表带来生命

A single hectare of rainforest may contain as many as 250 species of tree.|一公顷雨林就可以容纳250种不同的树木

That's nearly 10 times the number that grow in Britain.|为英国的10倍

And the thirst for light triggers a race for a place in the sun.|对阳光的渴望引发了这场生长竞赛

There's no time to waste.|没有时间去浪费

A seed that may have fallen only a few days ago now bursts through the leaf litter.|几天前才落下的种子突然破土而出

With so many competitors, getting a good start is critical.|在这么多的竞争者面前 有一个好的开始非常重要

But each plant has its own particular strategy for making the most of this rare opportunity.|在这个难得的机会面前,每种植物都有自己非常独特的生长方式

The seeds of hardwoods are quick to germinate.|阔叶木发芽速度虽然不慢

But like the fabled tortoise, their strategy is to be slow and steady.|不过它们的策略还是稳扎稳打

Vines and other climbers put all their energy into rapid vertical growth rather than girth,|蔓生植物和攀爬植物一样 把全部的力量用于垂直生长,而不是横向生长

though they'll need to be well-supported.|尽管需要很好的对象支撑其生长

The climber's strategy looks chaotic but there's method in their madness.|对这些蔓生植物来说,疯长是它们唯一的思想

Their growing tips circle like lassoes searching out anchors for their spindly stems.|它们的生长锥如套索般圆形移动,来寻找可以攀援的物体.

They put coils in their tendrils|因此向支撑的树移动时

so that if their support moves, they will stretch and not snap.|它们会伸展而不会断裂

But the frontrunners at this stage, the first to fill the clearing,|在这个舞台的其他地方,第一个长满地面的就是

are pioneers like the Macarangas.|血桐等大戟科植物

Their immense leaves capture huge amounts of sunlight,|它的大叶子捕捉了相当多的阳光

so fuelling their growth.|所以加速了它的生长

As a result, the Macarangas grow a remarkable eight metres a year,|结果是,这种血桐一年能长8米,

surging ahead of almost all their rivals.|几乎超越所有竞争者

In the race for the top spot, hundreds will start|在这个长高比赛上，众多的运动员中

yet few will ever reach the finishing line,|只有少数可以冲过终点

their growth cut short by the diminishing light.|大部分的植物因为缺少阳光而生长缓慢

In less than four years|在接下来的至少4年时间里

the gap will have gone|地表将暗无天日

but that's not the end of the race.|但比赛还没有结束

The ultimate winners are the tortoises, the slow and steady hardwoods.|最后的胜利者是这些长得又稳又慢的阔叶树

When the short-lived pioneers have fallen, it's the hardwoods that take their place.|短命的先锋植物衰败的时候,阔叶树就取代了它们的位置

And a 50-metre giant like this one|这颗50米高的树

may keep its place in the sun for another 200 years.|将在剩下的200年里汲取阳光

At the top is the canopy, the engine room of the jungle.|雨林的顶部是树冠层--雨林的动力室

It's up here that most of the animal life in a rainforest can be found.|在这里也可以找到大量的雨林动物

But despite the apparent abundance of vegetable food|显而易见的原因是这里有丰富的蔬果

gathering it is seldom easy.|尽管这样,收集食物也不容易

With no real seasons|因为没有明显的季节变化

each tree flowers or fruits at a different time of the year|树木全年不同时候都可以开花结果

which means that food is very widely spaced.|食物就相当广泛了

Monkeys, like these tamarins|绢毛猴

must search the canopy for all kinds of food if they're to survive.|为了生存到处寻找树冠层的食物

But across the world's rainforests,|遍寻世界的雨林

there's one type of fruiting tree that always delivers.|只有一种植物一整年都会结果

The fig.|无花果树

Wherever they grow, figs are a magnet for a great diversity of animals.|不管怎样 无花果树是造成生物多样性的一个重要原因

In the Amazon|在亚马逊

the first to appear are the spider monkeys.|第一个映入眼帘的是蜘蛛猴

These large primates are big fig-eaters.|这些灵长类动物最爱吃无花果

But they won't have the tree to themselves for long.|但他们也不会轻易享受下去

0thers will want a share.|还有猴子在觑觎着.

Like the diminutive Emperor tamarins.|这些长须犭胥(也叫帝髭獠狨)也想霸占无花果树

The tamarins love figs, too|犭胥猴虽然也爱吃无花果

but being petite means they're easily scared off.|但因长得细小也很容易受到惊动

Squirrel monkeys are also small|松鼠猴也很细小

but they have strength in numbers.|但他们以数量取胜

Their time-share on the tree may be short so their tactics are more smash-and-grab.|他们在树上分享的时光可能很短,所以尽量多抓东西来吃

Capuchin Monkeys are the bully boys in these forests|卷尾猴恃强凌弱

and they want the ripe figs for themselves.|他们也来抢夺无花果

Figs are one of the few trees that fruit the year round.|无花果树是少数全年结果的树种之一

So when other food is scarce,|所以当其他食物缺乏的时候

these fruits are always available somewhere or other.|无花果树仍然会有果实

Even for leaf-eaters like howler monkeys, the ripe figs are just too good to miss.|即使对吃叶子的吼猴来说无花果实也是不能错过的,

And howlers are too big for the capuchins to chase off.|这些大猴子就不是卷尾猴所能赶走的了

Figs are so popular that as many as 44 different kinds of bird and monkey|无花果树非常受欢迎 甚至可以吸引多达44种的不同鸟类猴类

have been seen working a shift system on a single tree.|来交替进食

Because fruiting trees are so valuable, many monkeys are territorial.|因为结果实的树很宝贵

许多猴子都有自己的领地

And if you live in the treetops|如果你居住在树顶上

there's perhaps no better way of staking your claim to a territory than this.|那么可能没有比这种声明领土主权更好的方法了

(H00TING)

The calls of the Siamang gibbons begin as a duet between the dominant male and female.|合趾猴通过叫声来联系公猴和母猴

The rest of their family soon join in and it results in a frenzy of activity.|家庭的其他成员也加入进来,猴群开始活跃起来

The calls can carry over a mile|他们的叫声超过1英里远

and their message is clear.|传递的信息也相当明确

They tell any neighbouring Siamangs, ''This is our territory, keep out.''|他们在告诉其他的合趾猴邻居,这是我们的领地,非请勿进!

Up here, the calls of Siamang gibbons seem to dominate the airwaves.|合趾猴通过声音广播来统治领土

But with the jungle's incredible diversity, there are countless others trying to be heard, too.|可在雨林这个物种多样的国度里, 还可听到更多的声音.

(BIRDS CHIRPING)

Every layer seems to beat to a different tune.|森林的每一层都有不同的曲调

(CHATTERING)

(BIRD CHIRPING)

(CAWING)

In the early morning|在清早

the forest's chorus is particularly rich.|森林合唱团特别热闹

Sounds travel further in the cooler air.|声音在冷空气中传的更远一些

(C00ING)

But few calls can penetrate as far through the dense vegetation as this one|有的叫声可以穿透密密的植被 例如这只

the deep bass solo of a male orang-utan.|重低音独奏--雄红毛猩猩

(GRUNTING)

In the middle of the day, little stirs in the jungle|时近中午,声音稀少, 雨林中

and the hot, dense air muffles the sound.|湿热的空气也阻挡了声音的传送

As the afternoon|午后

wears on a different set of players begin to warm up.|各种声音又开始活跃起来

Insects work in harmony, timing their calls to fall between the notes of others.|昆虫鸣得很和协, 他们按照时间规律来互相传达着信息

(BUZZING)

(HISSING)

(WHISTLING)

Many singers stick to precise schedules.|许多歌唱家都严格按照日程表来

And right on cue, the 6:00 cicada.|蝉很准时的在六点钟开始鸣叫

(CICADA CHIRPING)

(THUNDER RUMBLING)

Night brings out a whole new orchestra.|夜晚带来了新的管弦乐章

(CR0AKING)

The cacophony of competing calls seems deafening to us,|刺耳的声音震耳欲聋

but frogs' ears are tuned to hear only the calls of their own kind.|可蛙类只能听到同类的声音

The songs of courtship echo from all around.|蛙求爱的声音此起彼伏

Male gliding leaf frogs leap from the treetops.|雄性红眼叶蛙,正从树顶下落

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To slow their descent, they use their huge webbed feet as parachutes.|在慢镜头下,可以看到它们用自己巨大的蹼趾控制方向 如同降落伞

These large tree frogs|这些大树蛙

spend most of their lives in the high canopy|大部分时间在高高的树冠层生活

and only come down when it's time to breed.|只有在交配期才下来

0nce settled, they begin to serenade their unseen females.|站定之后,他们开始给还没出现的雌蛙唱小夜曲

Now it's time for the females to make their move.|现在是雌蛙展开行动的时候了

There's no shortage of suitors, but this female has already made her choice.|虽然不乏众多的求爱者 可这只雌蛙已经做出了决定

She's heading towards the loudest call because loud calls come from big frogs|她在朝鸣声最大的雄蛙走去, 对雌蛙来讲雄蛙

and big is best.|叫得大声就是美

But to reach him she must run the gauntlet of a gang of smaller suitors.|雌蛙赶过去要注意其他小一号的雄蛙

Their only chance of mating is to make a sneaky interception.|那些雄蛙的交配机会就是鬼鬼祟祟地进行偷袭.

He scored.|这只雄蛙得手了

But with more females arriving all the time|有更多的雌蛙正在往那边赶去

it's not over until the fat frog stops singing.|雌蛙们不会停止移动除非大雄蛙停止歌唱

Feet, so vital for gliding, are now put to other uses.|脚蹼用来滑翔 也可以用来干别的事情.

Two's company, three is inconvenient.|两只情侣其乐融融,三只就多有不便了.

But in any case, all male frogs are equipped with dry thumbs,|无论如何,雄蛙都需要用干燥的脚趾

which enable them to get a vice-like grip on their moist partners.|如老虎钳般紧紧抓住雌蛙湿润的皮肤

It's a case of first come, first served.|先来先得

Living in such a humid environment|在这种潮湿的环境下生活

means jungle frogs are less tied to puddles and pools.|使得树蛙可以摆脱水塘的束缚

And these even lay their eggs out of water.|因此它们无需在水中产卵

There's little chance of them drying out|卵干死的几率很小

and up here they're safer from predators.|在这里,也能免于被掠食者吃掉

Surprisingly, it doesn't rain every day in a rainforest,|雨林虽然不是天天下雨

but more still falls here than anywhere else on Earth.|但是这里仍然比地球上其他地方下的多

0n average, over two metres a year.|平均年降水量可达2米

A single tree can suck up hundreds of tons of water each year.|一棵树每年可吸收几百吨的水

But the trees can't use all this water|不过树也无法全部喝掉这些水

so much of it returns to the air as vapour, forming mist and clouds.|多数被转换成了水蒸气从而形成了薄雾和云

In the Amazon|在亚马逊

the largest unbroken stretch of rainforest in the world|世界上最大的原始森林

half of all the rainwater that falls|有半数的降水

comes from clouds produced by the trees themselves.|被树木再次转变成云和降水并循环使用

With so much rain|有这么多的降水量

it's not surprising that many of the world's largest rivers are found in rainforests.|世界上多数的大河都在雨林里产生也就不足为奇了

Inside the forest|雨林深处

the high humidity creates the perfect conditions|十分潮湿的环境非常适合

for a strange world where life is built on decay.|一些生命在腐殖质上生长

Amoeba-like slime moulds cruise the surface|象这种粘菌类变形虫正在地表上巡航

feeding on bacteria and rotting vegetation.|它们以细菌和地衣为生

Fungi also flourish on decay.|真菌类也以腐殖质为生

These are the fruiting bodies of the fungi|这些仅仅是真菌的一个子实体

the only visible sign of a vast underground network of fungal filaments.|看不见的地表下还有它的广大的菌丝网络

In temperate forests, the build-up of leaf litter creates rich stores of nutrients.|在温带森林里, 落叶形成的腐殖质层可以贮藏养分

That, however, doesn't happen here.|可是这里不会发生这种事

Nutrients that reach the soil are leeched out by the rain,|土壤中的养分会被雨水冲走

but fungi are connected to tree roots by their underground filaments|真菌用地下菌丝连接在树根上

and by quickly consuming the dead,|它们很快吃掉死植物

they help to recycle crucial minerals straight back into the trees.|真菌因此帮助树木直接供给树木所需的矿物质

And this recycling happens|这种生态循环的速度

faster here than anywhere else on the planet.|比地球上其他地方要快得多

There are thought to be nearly a million different types of fungi in the tropics|据说热带雨林里有近百万种菌类

the vast majority still unknown to science.|但具体数量仍然无人知晓

But one thing's for certain.|一点可以确信

Without fungi, rainforests could not exist.|没有菌类就没有雨林

Nothing goes to waste in a rainforest.|雨林里的一切都不能浪费

The fungi become food for others, like these beetle larvae.|象这种甲虫及幼虫就以菌类为食

Finding the fungus isn't a problem for the grubs|幼虫寻找菌类当然比较困难

since their caring parents actually show them the way.|不过在父母的领引下不费吹灰之力

Incredibly, 80% of all insects live in jungles.|令人惊异的是, 地球上有80%的昆虫居住在雨林里

Few are more successful than the ants.|蚂蚁是雨林昆虫中的佼佼者

There can be eight million individuals in a single hectare.|每公顷可达800万只

But jungle ants don't have it all their own way.|不过雨林是不会让它们任意逍遥的

These bullet ants are showing some worrying symptoms.|这只子弹蚁正在现出令人担忧的症状

Spores from a parasitic fungus called Cordyceps|一种叫做虫草的寄生菌的孢子

have infiltrated their bodies and their minds.|已经侵入了它的身心

Its infected brain directs this ant upwards.|寄生孢子直接入侵大脑

Then, utterly disoriented, it grips a stem with its mandibles.|失去了方向感的子弹蚁只好用下颚咬住茎

Those afflicted that are discovered by the workers|这些病蚁迅速被工蚁发现

are quickly taken away and dumped far away from the colony.|并把它弄到了远离巢穴的地方

It seems extreme, but this is the reason why.|这看上去有些极端,不过不是没有道理的

Like something out of science fiction|有几分像科幻小说

the fruiting body of the Cordyceps erupts from the ant's head.|虫草的子实体从蚂蚁脑袋里长出来

It can take three weeks to grow,|3个星期的生长期

and when finished, the deadly spores will burst from its tip.|长成后,孢子将从蚂蚁的头顶脱落

Then any ant in the vicinity will be in serious risk of death.|然后,附近的蚂蚁将面临死亡的威胁

The fungus is so virulent it can wipe out whole colonies of ants.|这种剧毒的菌类足以杀死整个蚂蚁群落

And it's not just ants that fall victim to this killer.|而且它们杀死的不仅仅是蚂蚁

There are literally thousands of different types of Cordyceps fungi|大约有1千种不同的有毒寄生菌

and, remarkably, each specialises on just one species.|而且它们都归属于同一物种

But these attacks do have a positive effect on the jungle's diversity,|这种攻击对雨林生物多样性起肯定作用

since parasites like these stop any one group of animal|这种寄生虫能阻止某种生物

getting the upper hand.|种群的优势

The more numerous a species becomes|越多的物种产生

the more likely it will be attacked by its nemesis, a Cordyceps fungus.|就会遭到越多的寄生菌攻击

With so much competition|在激烈的竞争环境下

jungles have become the home of the specialist.|雨林也变成了许多非常特别的动物的家

And this animal, in the island of Borneo, is one of the most unusual.|这种动物在婆罗洲上是非常特别的一种

It's a colugo, or flying lemur|这种会飞的"狐猴"叫做鼯猴

though this is something of a misnomer as it doesn't actually fly|只是拼写相似, 因为狐猴不会飞

and it certainly isn't a lemur.|它确实不属于狐猴

In fact, nobody's quite sure who its closest relative is.|实际上很难确认它到底属于那种动物

The colugo depends on a diet of young leaves,|鼯猴靠吃嫩叶生存

and to find enough of them, it must move from tree to tree.|为了吃到足够的嫩叶,它必须在树与树之间移动

The leaves are not very nutritious|嫩叶营养虽不丰富

but then getting around doesn't use much energy.|但在雨林里毫不费力就可以轻易找到

In a single night, a colugo might have to travel as far as two miles.|在一个晚上,鼯猴可以穿行2英里的路程

But that task is made easier by its superior gliding skills.|利用它的滑翔技能完成这个任务相当简单

The secret of success in the competitive jungle is specialising,|在激烈的雨林竞争中取得胜利需要一些秘密手段

and this has led to the evolution of some very intimate relationships|这让一些生物在动植物之间

between plants and animals.|进化出了非常的关系

These are pitcher plants, also from Borneo.|这是婆罗洲的猪笼草(又名捕虫草)

Adapted to living in very low-nutrient soils,|为了适应营养稀缺的土壤

the pitcher plant gets most of its nourishment from insects|这种象瓶子状的植物用

lured to nectar glands on the underside of the lids.|内侧唇瓣蜜腺分泌物来吸引昆虫

0nce on board, the waxy sides of the pitcher ensure there's little chance of escape.|当昆虫被引诱过来时,光滑的内侧唇瓣使得昆虫鲜有机会逃跑

Most slip to a watery grave.|多数淹死在这个水坟中...

At the bottom of the pitcher, glands secrete enzymes|猪笼草底部是种神秘的生化酶

which help to digest the corpses|帮助消化猎物

so feeding the plant.|给猪笼草提供养料

But not all visitors have a fatal attraction to the pitchers.|但并不是所有的来访者都遭此噩运

The Red Crab Spider spends its entire life in the pitchers|红蟹蜘蛛终身生活在猪笼草里

hanging on with threads of silk.|它们用丝线吊住自己

Instead of building a web, it relies on the water-filled pitcher to trap its food.|它直接以掉入猪笼草陷阱的虫子为生 而不用去织网

When an ant falls in, the spider simply waits for it to drown|蚂蚁掉到陷阱里了 蟹蜘蛛静静等它淹死

and then abseils down for a spot of fishing.|直接坐收渔翁之利

Alive, this ant would be far too dangerous for the spider to tackle,|要生存,蚂蚁必须远离蜘蛛的魔爪

so using the pitchers as traps means it can get bigger meals.|但是利用猪笼草的陷阱意味着蟹蜘蛛照样可以美餐一顿

And the spider doesn't rob the pitcher of everything.|蟹蜘蛛也不全是一个不留

The digested remains of its booty will end up in the water|它也需要把战利品分一部分给猪笼草

providing instant food for the plant.|来给猪笼草提供营养

0ther food, like mosquito larvae, seems to be out of reach,|有的食物例如蚊子幼虫在瓶底 看上去好像吃不到

but the spider has another surprising trick.|不过蟹蜘蛛自有诡计

By taking its own air supply trapped in a bubble,|它会带着一个空气泡泡

the crab spider can actually dive to the very bottom of the pitcher.|蟹蜘蛛可以潜入到猪笼草的底部

0nce the prey is captured|一旦猎物到手

the spider hauls itself back up its silken safety line.|蟹蜘蛛还可从水中全身而退

The pitcher is a one-stop shop for this spider|猪笼草好像是蟹蜘蛛的一站式商店.

but it's not alone.|但它并不孤独

In the jungle there's competition for everything, even a small water-filled pitcher plant.|雨林中到处都有竞争 即使在猪笼草的小小水域里

Such specialists create the jungle's remarkable diversity.|雨林的特殊环境造就了生物的多样性

But finding enough food to survive is so challenging|但由于寻找食物是个巨大的挑战

that most animals living here tend to be small|因此很多雨林生物都长得很小巧

though there are exceptions.|有一个地方是例外

This is the Congo, in Africa.|这是非洲的刚果

It's a vast wilderness and the least explored of all jungles.|辽阔,原始,也是最不被探索的原始森林之一

From up here, the forest looks similar to the ones that grow in the Amazon or Southeast Asia.|从这里看,这里的雨林和亚马逊及东南亚的雨林没什么两样

But down below, there are some unexpected sights.|但往下看,就有出人意料的发现

Crisscrossing this forest are countless miles of highways.|地面上有数不尽的大路和十字路口

And they were made by something big.|一定是一些大家伙弄出来的

Forest elephants roam great distances in their search for food,|森林象长途跋涉来寻找食物

but to survive they must emerge from the gloom of the forest.|为了生存,它们必须隐没在幽暗的森林中

And clearings like this one are a magnet for elephants from far and wide.|这块空旷地 把大象从四面八方吸引过来

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These elephants live in much smaller groups than their savannah cousins.|森林象群的个体数量比起它的稀树草原的亲戚们要少的多

This might be the first time that one group will have seen another for a month.|这可能是两个象群 一个月来第一次见面

For the adult males, it's a welcome break in an otherwise largely solitary existence.|对成年雄象来说，这是摆脱孤独的大好时机

And they're not the only animals attracted to the clearing.|大象不是唯一被吸引到空旷地带的动物

Forest buffalos and red river hogs are also regular visitors.|森林水牛 红河野猪 它们也是常客

As are bongos, which are very difficult to see outside these clearings.|邦戈羚羊也是除了在空旷地很难见到的动物

All these large forest animals have come here to collect an essential element of their diet|所有的这些森林动物来到这里收集埋在泥下的

that lies buried beneath the mud.|对身体有益的微量元素

And the elephant's trunk is the perfect tool for reaching it.|象鼻可以说是得到它的完美工具

To get what they seek, the prospecting elephants must first blow away the covering layer of silt.|要找到想要的东西,大象首先要驱走覆盖着的沙土

Satisfaction at last.|最终十分满意

They're collecting a particular kind of clay|它们在收集一种特殊的矿物质

that contains vital minerals scarce in their natural diet.|而这种矿物质很难从自然食物中获取

It may be mud but there's just nothing quite like it for enriching the blood.|虽然有些牙碜,不过到了血液里也就没什么了

The clay also helps to absorb the toxins found in many leaves that the elephants eat.|粘土也可以吸收中和吃的叶子中的毒素.

There are other benefits to coming here.|到这里还有个好处

These clearings are the only places|这块空地是唯一

where the forest elephants can get together in such numbers.|可以聚集并展现象群数量的地方

When they return to the forest|当它们返回树林时

they will have to go their separate ways once more.|它们将再一次分开

If large animals are rare in jungles,|如果说雨林中的大型动物是相当稀罕

then groups of large animals actually living together are even rarer.|那么群居的大型动物就更加稀罕了

This posse of hunters is not only formidable, it's also very large.|这些掠食者,不仅可怕, 而且还十分强大

In their search for food|非洲黑猩猩不仅在地表上

chimpanzees move effortlessly between the forest floor and the canopy.|也在树冠层上寻找食物

They're one of the few jungle animals able to do so.|很少有丛林动物有这样的生活方式

Figs are a vital part of a chimpanzee's diet|无花果是黑猩猩重要的食物来源之一

and some just can't seem to get enough of them.|这只看上去好像嘴里塞的还不够满

But there's something special about this stretch of forest in Uganda.|乌干达的热带雨林有些特别

Fruit is actually abundant.|食物其实是很丰富的

And a lot of food supports lots of chimps.|大量的食物养育了大量的黑猩猩

At 1 50 strong,|150只黑猩猩

this community of chimps is the biggest yet found in Africa.|这个群落是迄今在非洲发现的最大的黑猩猩群落

Their numbers are so large that they need a big territory, lots of fig trees,|众多的人口意味着要有广大的领土,需要很多无花果树

and they're willing to fight for it.|也值得为它们而战

(GRUNTING)

These calls announce the start of a raid into land controlled by their neighbours.|这种声音是在宣布要去搜捕侵犯领土的邻居们了

As they leave their core zone, the patrol goes silent,|它们离开中心居住区, 巡逻队开始保持缄默行军

occasionally stopping to listen.|不时停下来倾听

Signs of the enemy are detected and examined closely.|敌人的行迹被发现并仔细检查

The chimp militia are now at the very edge of their territory.|猩猩战士们已经快到达国境线了

All need to be on maximum alert.|所有成员必须保持最高警惕

They must wait and listen.|它们必须侧耳倾听,等待时机

(SHRIEKING)

An unfamiliar chimp call raises the tension.|一个陌生的声音 引起了猩猩们的注意

It's an uncertain time, the size of the rival group is as yet unknown.|在这个非常时刻 对手的具体数量还不知道

Not far away, their neighbours are feeding in a fig tree,|就在不远处,邻居正在无花果树上进食

oblivious to the approaching dangers.|他们还不知道危险正在接近

The patrol moves off with a sense of purpose.|巡逻队继续向目标进军

They must remain silent until they close in on their rivals.|在接近对手之前它们必须保持缄默

(H0WLING)

The attack is on!|攻击开始了!

To intimidate their opponents|为了壮声势

the aggressors scream and drum on buttress roots.|它们尖叫着并击打树根冲向战场

(SHRIEKING)

Several males corner an enemy female.|几只公猩猩把一只母猩猩逼上绝境

It's a ferocious attack and she's lucky to escape with her life.|面对这凶猛的攻击,这只母猩猩侥幸得以活下来

(SCREECHING)

0thers are not so fortunate.|另外一些就不那么走运了

The battle won, a grizzly scene unfolds.|战斗胜利,出现了一个可怕的场景

An enemy youngster has been caught and killed.|敌人的孩童被抓住并被杀死

The carcass is shared between members of the group and eaten.|并被这群黑猩猩吃掉

Killing a competitor makes sense if you want to protect your food supply.|捕杀敌人虽然有利于保证自己的食物供给

But exactly why they cannibalise the dead chimp is not fully understood.|但是还搞不清楚它们究竟为什么要吃同类

It may simply be a chance for some extra protein.|也可能是为了获得额外的蛋白质吧

Teamwork has brought this group of chimps great success,|团队合作使这群黑猩猩取得巨大成功

but they'll soon reach the limits of their power.|但是它们很快将盛极而衰

The competition for resources ensures that no one species dominates the jungle.|雨林中激烈的资源竞争使得没有哪个物种可以统治这块地方

The rainforests' great diversity has come at a cost.|雨林的物种多样性正在消失

It has made them the most finely balanced ecosystems in the world|而雨林却是维持地球生态系统微妙平衡的关键

only too easily upset and destroyed by that other great ape,|大肆破坏雨林最终伤害到的另一种伟大猿类

the chimpanzee's closest relative|就是黑猩猩的近亲

ourselves.|--我们人类自己